Electromagnetism

Basic concepts and phenomena of electrostatics. Electric charge, force between charges. Coulomb’s law. Electric charge and matter. The concept of electric field. Gauss’s law. The basic characteristics of the static electric field: Electrostatic potential. The electric dipole moment, the electric field of a system of charges, the principle of superposition. Conductors and insulators. The distribution of electric charge on an isolated conductor, corona discharge. Capacitance and capacitors. Energy density of the electrostatic field. Dielectrics, electric polarization, susceptibility, displacement vector. Electric current and electric resistance, current density. Resistivity and conductivity. Ohm’s law and Joule’s law. The microscopic view of the electronic conduction in solids. Electronic circuits, the electromotive force. Kirchhoff’s rules, an RC circuit. The mechanism of the electronic conduction of liquids and gases. The concept of the magnetic field and the definition of magnetic field inductance vector. Magnetic force acting on a current or a moving charge. The magnetic field induced by a current or a moving charge Biot–Savart’s and Amper’s law. Magnetic properties of matter. Dia-, para- és ferromagnetic materials. An atomic view of the magnetism of matter, the Einstein de Haas experiment. Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic field. Mass spectrometers and particle accelerators. The Hall effect. Faradays law of induction. Lenz’s rule. The properties of the induced electric field. Self induction. RL circuits, mutual induction. Energy stored in the magnetic field. Electromagnetic oscillations. Free and damped oscillations in LC and RLC circuits, forced oscillations, coupled oscillations, resonance. Alternating current circuits. Motors and generators, the transformer. The three phase alternating current. The concept of displacement current and induced magnetic field. The Ampere-Maxwell law. Maxwell’s equations in differential and integral forms. Potentials and the wave equation. Electromagnetic waves. Dipole radiation, electromagnetic plane waves. Energy and momentum in the electromagnetic radiation.